Application of a tour-based model to simulate freight distribution in a large urbanized area

Freight demand models appear different from passenger models due to the distinction between the subject of the transport and the decision-makers as well as the multitude of agents involved in freight transport. In this work the authors applied a tour-based model to simulate freight distribution. The tour-based approach ably reproduces the choice structure of freight transport: this approach simulates the dependences existing between successive trips of the same distribution channel.